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The Combat Exposure Scale (CES)
The Combat Exposure Scale (CES)
| Availability |
The instrument is available here: PLEASE CLICK HERE FOR MORE INFORMATION
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| Classification |
Supplemental: Acute Hospitalized, Concussion/Mild TBI, Epidemiology, Moderate/Severe TBI: Rehabilitation Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI)
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| Short Description of Instrument |
The Combat Exposure Scale (CES) is used in military populations to assess level of exposure to wartime stressors. It is a 7-item self-report measure, with items scored on a 5-point frequency; 5-point duration; 4-point frequency; or 4-point degrees of loss scale.
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| Scoring |
Scores are weighted and summed to a total score between 0 and 41, where scores closer to zero represent light combat, and scores closer to 41 represent heavy combat. |
| Psychometric Properties |
The Combat Exposure Scale is easy to use and score. It has acceptable psychometric properties, including internal stability and test–retest reliability. |
| References |
Keane, T., Fairbank, J., Caddell, J., Zimering, R., Taylor, K., & Mora, C. (1989). Clinical evaluation of a measure to assess combat exposure. Psychological Assessment, 1, 53-55.
Troyanskaya, M., Pastorek, N. J., Scheibel, R. S., Petersen, N. J., McCulloch, K., Wilde, E. A., . . . Levin, H. S. (2015). Combat Exposure, PTSD Symptoms, and Cognition Following Blast-Related Traumatic Brain Injury in OEF/OIF/OND Service Members and Veterans. Mil Med, 180(3), 285-289.
Document last updated March 2018
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